Chifukwa chomwe amalonda odziwa bwino ntchito amalakwitsa chifukwa cha malingaliro ndi chimodzi mwa mafunso oona mtima omwe msika umapereka. Malingaliro amanena kuti zomwe akumana nazo ziyenera kuteteza ku zolakwika. Komabe, kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti zolakwa zoposa 70% zomwe amalonda odziwa bwino ntchito amachita zimachokera ku zolakwika za khalidwe, osati zaukadaulo. Wamalonda amadziwa bwino tchati, amadziwa zizindikiro, amadziwa komwe angaike kutayika kwa stop. Komabe, panthawi yomaliza, amachita mosiyana ndi momwe adakonzera.
Uku si kufooka. Ndi sayansi ya ubongo. Ndipo kumvetsetsa njira imeneyi ndiko kumasiyanitsa iwo omwe amaphunzira kuchokera ku zolakwa zawo ndi omwe amabwerezabwereza kosatha.
Zimene sayansi ya ubongo ikunena pankhani yopanga zisankho pansi pa mavuto azachuma.
Katswiri wa zamaganizo Daniel Kahneman, yemwe adapambana Mphoto ya Nobel mu Economics mu 2002, adakhala zaka zambiri akuphunzira momwe anthu amapangira zisankho mopanda kutsimikizika. Kafukufuku wake akuwonetsa kuti ubongo wa munthu umagwira ntchito m'njira ziwiri: System 1, yomwe ndi yachangu, yodziyimira yokha, komanso yamalingaliro, ndi System 2, yomwe ndi yochedwa, yolingalira, komanso yanzeru. Pakugulitsa, vuto ndilakuti System 1 nthawi zambiri imatenga nthawi yoyenera panthawi yamavuto akulu.
Pamene msika ukusuntha motsutsana ndi malo, pamene kutayika kukuwonjezeka pazenera, amygdala, dera la ubongo lolumikizidwa ndi chibadwa chopulumuka, limatumiza zizindikiro zochenjeza zomwe zimaletsa kuganiza bwino. Kahneman amatcha izi kukhala kuba kwa malingaliro. Mu mkhalidwe uwu, wamalonda wodziwa zambiri amachita zinthu mwanjira yomwe, patatha mphindi zochepa, iye mwini sangathe kufotokoza bwino.
Chotsatira chofala kwambiri ndi chakuti dongosololi lalephera kugwira ntchito. Wogulitsa amadziwa zomwe ayenera kuchita. Komabe, amachita zina.
Chifukwa chiyani kudzidalira kwambiri kumakhudza anthu omwe ali ndi luso lochulukirapo?
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zalembedwa bwino kwambiri pankhani ya zachuma ndichakuti kudzidalira kwambiri kumakula ndi zomwe munthu wakumana nazo. Kahneman akufotokoza izi mwachindunji: timakhala odzidalira kwambiri pamene tikusonkhanitsa mbiri ya zisankho, ngakhale pamene ubwino wa zisankhozo sukusintha mofanana.
Mu malonda, tsankho ili limawonekera bwino akapambana maulendo angapo. Wogulitsa amapambana maulendo anayi kapena asanu motsatizana ndipo amayamba kukhulupirira kuti "akumvetsa msika." Chifukwa chake, amawonjezera kukula kwa malo awo kuposa momwe dongosolo limaloleza, amachepetsa chidwi cha ma stop-loss orders, ndipo amayamba kuchita malonda pafupipafupi, akukhulupirira kuti ali ndi mwayi woti avomereze.
Kafukufuku wa zachuma pa khalidwe akuwonetsa kuti amalonda odzidalira kwambiri amagulitsa kwambiri ndipo amapeza zotsatira zoyipa kuposa omwe amasunga khalidwe lokhazikika. Vuto ndilakuti kupambana kungachitike chifukwa cha momwe msika ulili wabwino, osati luso lapamwamba. Kuphatikiza apo, wamalonda amene amalephera kusiyanitsa pakati pa zinthu ziwirizi amalipira mtengo wake pamene msika usintha.
Kusankhana mitundu ndi momwe kumasokonezera kutanthauzira kwa ma graph.
Kusankhana mitundu ndi chizolowezi chofuna, kutanthauzira, ndi kukumbukira mfundo zomwe zimatsimikizira chikhulupiriro chomwe chinalipo kale. Mu malonda, izi zikutanthauza kuti wamalonda amalowa mumsika wokhutira ndi njira inayake ndipo amayamba kuwona pa tchati zomwe zimalimbitsa lingaliro lawo, kunyalanyaza zizindikiro zosiyana.
Wamalonda wodziwa bwino ntchito yake yemwe ali ndi tsankho lotsimikizira ndi woopsa kuposa woyamba kumene. M'malo mwake, amagwiritsa ntchito ukatswiri wawo waukadaulo popanga mfundo zapamwamba zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti ayenera kukhala ndi udindo womwe uyenera kuti unatsekedwa kale. Mwanjira imeneyi, wamalonda akadziwa zambiri, nkhani yomwe amapanga kuti asachepetse kutayika kwake imakhala yokhutiritsa kwambiri.
Yankho lothandiza lomwe amalonda aluso amagwiritsa ntchito ndikufufuza mwachangu mfundo yotsutsana musanalowe. Ngati mukufuna kugula, lembani zifukwa zomwe malonda angasokonezeke. Ntchitoyi imayang'anizana ndi tsankho lisanayambe kuipitsa ntchito.
Kukonda kutaya: chifukwa chake zimapweteka kwambiri kutayika kuposa momwe zimamvekera bwino kupambana.
Kahneman ndi Tversky adawonetsa kuti ululu wamaganizo wa kutayika, pafupifupi, ndi waukulu kawiri kuposa chisangalalo chomwe chimapangidwa ndi phindu lofanana. Chochitika ichi, chotchedwa kukana kutayika, chimapanga njira yakale komanso yodziwononga pamalonda: wamalonda amapeza phindu mwachangu kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi malo otayika kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kutseka phindu msanga kumabweretsa mpumulo. Kutseka kutayika kumafuna kuvomereza kulephera, zomwe ubongo umakana kuchita. M'lingaliro limeneli, wamalonda wodziwa bwino ntchito amene wataya kale zinthu zambiri ali ndi chikumbukirochi ndipo amachitapo kanthu mwachangu kuti athetse phindu, poopa kubweza. Nthawi yomweyo, amakana kuvomereza zinthu zomwe zatayika kwambiri, chifukwa amadziwa kale kuti zimamupweteka kwambiri.
Kumbali ina, wamalonda yemweyu amadziwa bwino kuti kuchepetsa kutayika ndi chisankho choyenera. Kusiyana pakati pa zomwe amadziwa ndi zomwe amachita ndi komwe kudana ndi kutayika kumachitika. Si kusadziwa. Ndi yankho lamalingaliro lomwe limakhala lachangu kuposa lanzeru.
Kodi malonda obwezera ndi chiyani ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani amakhudza amalonda odzisunga?
Kubwezera malonda ndi kuyesa kwamaganizo kuti abwezeretse kutayika kwaposachedwa kudzera mu malonda ena, nthawi zambiri kunja kwa njira yokonzedweratu komanso popanda njira zaukadaulo. Palibe wamalonda amene amapanga chisankho ichi mwadala. Chimachokera mu mkhalidwe wamaganizo wokhumudwa ndi wachangu, wobisika ngati chidaliro chatsopano.
Wamalonda wodziwa bwino ntchito amene amagwera mu malonda obwezera nthawi zambiri sadziwa kuti akuchita zimenezo. Amapanga zifukwa zaukadaulo zolowera, amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo yolondola pamsika, ndipo amakhulupirira kuti amalonda mwadongosolo. Komabe, cholinga chenicheni si dongosolo. Ndi chikhumbo chofuna kubwezeretsa kutayika komwe kudachitika kale.
Chizindikiro chodziwikiratu cha malonda obwezera ndikuchita malonda kunja kwa nthawi yokhazikika, kuwonjezera kukula kwa malo kuposa momwe amakhalira, kapena kulowa muzinthu zomwe sizili gawo la ndondomeko yamalonda. Ndipotu, pambuyo poti munthu wataya ndalama, dongosolo la malonda liyenera kutsatiridwa mosamala kwambiri, osati pang'ono.
N’chifukwa chiyani zochitika sizimachotsa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa maganizo?
Chidziwitso chimathandiza kuwerenga zaukadaulo, koma sichimaletsa ma circuits a malingaliro a ubongo. Ma circuits awa akhalapo kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, adapangidwa kuti apulumuke m'malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, ndipo sasinthidwanso ndi zaka zambiri zophunzira kusanthula zaukadaulo.
Chomwe chingathandize ndi kupanga njira zodzitetezera zomwe zimaletsa zoyambitsa izi zisanayambe kuchitapo kanthu. Ndondomeko yolembedwa yogulitsa yokhala ndi malire omveka bwino, buku logulitsa lomwe limalemba machitidwe amalingaliro, ndi njira yopumira mutataya mizere imapanga chimango chomwe chimagwira ntchito pakati pa choyambitsa malingaliro ndi chisankho chogwira ntchito.
Amalonda omwe amazindikira zomwe zimayambitsa malonda awo—monga kugulitsa pafupipafupi kuposa momwe anakonzera, kuwonjezera maudindo mosasankha, kapena kukhala ndi nkhawa asanalowe—amakhala ndi luso loyima kaye panthawi yeniyeni pamene malingaliro ayamba kugwira ntchito. Kuyima kumeneku, ngakhale kwa kanthawi kochepa, kumalola Kahneman's System 2 kuti ayambenso kulamulira.
Kusinthasintha kwa malonda sikuchokera pakuchotsa malingaliro, koma kuchokera pakupanga dongosolo lomwe limagwira ntchito ngakhale malingalirowo atakhala otani.
Ngati mutenga malonda mozama, muyenera kukhala ndi nsanja yomwe ingakwanitse ntchitoyi. Ebinex Imapereka magwiridwe antchito owonekera bwino, popanda kusintha zithunzi, komanso ndi zida zomwe amalonda omwe ali ndi kayendetsedwe ka zoopsa amafunikira. Tsegulani akaunti yanu, yambitsani KYC/2FA, ndikupikisana mu mpikisano wokhala ndi mphotho m'madola m'magulu a phindu lalikulu, kuchuluka kwa malonda apamwamba, ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zimayikidwa.
Kodi mwasangalala ndi zomwe zili mkati? Gawani ndi amalonda ena ndikutsatira nkhani zina pa [dzina la nsanja yapaintaneti]. blog.ebinex.com
